\u0130klim kriziyle \u015fiddetlenen kum ve toz f\u0131rt\u0131nalar\u0131 k\u00fcresel tehdit haline gelirken f\u0131rt\u0131nalar kalp krizi veya inme, bo\u011fazda kuruma ve menenjit gibi sa\u011fl\u0131k sorunlar\u0131na yol a\u00e7ma riski ta\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
D\u00fcnya Sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc, Do\u011fu Akdeniz ve di\u011fer b\u00f6lgelerde kum ve toz f\u0131rt\u0131nalar\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131, s\u00fcresi ve yo\u011funlu\u011funda art\u0131\u015f ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusunda uyar\u0131yor. \u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi \u00e7\u00f6lle\u015fmeye yol a\u00e7arak kum ve toz f\u0131rt\u0131nalar\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve yay\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131yor. Kum ve toz f\u0131rt\u0131nalar\u0131 partik\u00fcl madde konsantrasyonlar\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rarak hava kirlili\u011fine de do\u011frudan katk\u0131da bulunuyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00d6te yandan k\u00fcresel olarak 330 milyon insan\u0131n her g\u00fcn r\u00fczgarla ta\u015f\u0131nan ve bazen kayna\u011f\u0131ndan binlerce kilometre uza\u011fa gidebilen partik\u00fcllere maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 tahmin ediliyor.
Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i \u00dcniversitesi \u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi ve Politikalar\u0131 Uygulama ve Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Merkezi Y\u00f6netim Kurulu \u00dcyesi Prof. Dr. Murat T\u00fcrke\u015f AA muhabirine d\u00fcnya genelinde g\u00f6r\u00fclen kum ve toz f\u0131rt\u0131nalar\u0131n\u0131n iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fiyle ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 anlatt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kuvvetli r\u00fczgar\u0131n genellikle kurak ve yar\u0131 kurak b\u00f6lgelerde atmosfere kald\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve kilometrelerce uza\u011fa ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6kel malzemeye kum ve toz ad\u0131 verildi\u011fini an\u0131msatan T\u00fcrke\u015f, kum ve toz f\u0131rt\u0131nalar\u0131n\u0131n iklimi, havay\u0131, atmosferi, ekosistemleri, insan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, tar\u0131m\u0131, ula\u015f\u0131m\u0131 ve g\u00fcne\u015f enerjisi sistemini olumsuz etkiledi\u011fini s\u00f6yledi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00fcrke\u015f, y\u0131l boyunca kurak ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n egemen oldu\u011fu co\u011frafyalarda toz ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131m\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne i\u015faret ederek “Kurak ve yar\u0131 kurak b\u00f6lgeler \u00f6zellikle \u00e7\u00f6ller, \u00e7\u00f6llerin \u00e7evresindeki kurak ve yar\u0131 kurak b\u00f6lgeler en \u00f6nemli kum ve toz kaynaklar\u0131d\u0131r. Afrika, Sahra ve Sahra Alt\u0131 Afrika’n\u0131n bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, Sahel, Gobi \u00c7\u00f6l\u00fc, Orta Do\u011fu ve \u00f6zellikle Orta Do\u011fu’daki baz\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6ller ile Arap \u00e7\u00f6lleri en \u00f6nemli kum ve toz f\u0131rt\u0131nalar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015ftu\u011fu ve toz kayna\u011f\u0131 olan b\u00f6lgelerdir” dedi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi etkisiyle \u00f6zellikle baz\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerdeki uzun s\u00fcreli kurakl\u0131klar\u0131n kum ve toz f\u0131rt\u0131nalar\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131, s\u00fcresi ve \u015fiddetini art\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131na dikkati \u00e7eken T\u00fcrke\u015f, iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finin var olan kurak ve yar\u0131 kurak b\u00f6lgeler d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda giderek daha s\u0131cak ve kurak ko\u015fullarla kurakla\u015fma e\u011filimindeki b\u00f6lgelerde yeni kum ve toz f\u0131rt\u0131nalar\u0131na olu\u015fum alanlar\u0131 yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kaydetti. T\u00fcrke\u015f, bu f\u0131rt\u0131nalar\u0131n do\u011frudan iklimi, atmosferi, havay\u0131 ve \u00f6zellikle bulut ile ya\u011f\u0131\u015f olu\u015fumunu etkiledi\u011fini aktard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
“K\u00fcresel toz sal\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 25’i insan kaynakl\u0131”<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00fcrke\u015f, kum ve toz f\u0131rt\u0131nalar\u0131n\u0131n do\u011frudan ve dolayl\u0131 olarak yakla\u015f\u0131k 3,8 milyar insan\u0131 etkiledi\u011fini belirterek \u015f\u00f6yle devam etti:
“Atmosfere verilen k\u00fcresel toz sal\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 25’i insan kaynakl\u0131. Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc iklim, bas\u0131n\u00e7, r\u00fczgar sistemleri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan k\u00fcresel \u00f6l\u00e7ekte, k\u00fcresel toz b\u00fct\u00e7esinin y\u00fczde 80’inden fazlas\u0131 Kuzey Afrika, Orta Do\u011fu ve Arap \u00e7\u00f6llerinden kaynaklan\u0131yor. Bu T\u00fcrkiye’yi \u00e7ok ilgilendiren bir \u015fey. \u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fiyle Ekvator’dan ba\u015flayarak b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli bas\u0131n\u00e7 r\u00fczgar sistemleri, y\u0131l i\u00e7indeki mevsimlik d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kuzeye do\u011fru hareket etme e\u011filiminde. \u00d6zellikle subtropikal y\u00fcksek bas\u0131n\u00e7lar ve onun olu\u015fumuna do\u011frudan katk\u0131 sa\u011flayan Hadley d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc ad\u0131n\u0131 verdi\u011fimiz geni\u015f \u00f6l\u00e7ekli d\u00f6ng\u00fc kuzeye kayd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kum ve toz f\u0131rt\u0131nalar\u0131 \u00fcretebilecek hem kurak ve yar\u0131 kurak b\u00f6lgeler hem de bu b\u00f6lgelerden toz ta\u015f\u0131yabilecek sistemler Akdeniz’i, G\u00fcney Avrupa’y\u0131, Orta Do\u011fu’yu dolay\u0131s\u0131yla T\u00fcrkiye’yi daha fazla etkileyebilecek. G\u00f6zlemler, Kuzey Afrika, Orta Do\u011fu ve G\u00fcneybat\u0131 Asya’daki pek \u00e7ok b\u00f6lgede kum ve toz f\u0131rt\u0131nalar\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve zaman zaman \u015fiddetinde art\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steriyor”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kum ve toz f\u0131rt\u0131nalar\u0131n\u0131n ya\u011f\u0131\u015f ve su kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 da etkiledi\u011finin alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izen T\u00fcrke\u015f, bu f\u0131rt\u0131nalar\u0131n belirli d\u00f6nemlerde sebze ve meyve \u00fcretimini, \u00e7i\u00e7eklenme ve tozlanma d\u00f6nemlerini etkileyerek rekoltede d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015fe yol a\u00e7abilece\u011fi uyar\u0131s\u0131nda bulundu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
“Toprak nemini art\u0131racak ya\u011fmur suyu hasad\u0131 gibi uygulamalar\u0131n yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekiyor”
T\u00fcrke\u015f, kum ve toz f\u0131rt\u0131nalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesine y\u00f6nelik al\u0131nabilecek \u00f6nlemleri \u015f\u00f6yle s\u0131ralad\u0131:
“\u0130lk olarak iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi m\u00fccadelesinin g\u00fc\u00e7lenmesi gerekiyor. \u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi m\u00fccadelesi kurak ve yar\u0131 kurak b\u00f6lgelerin \u00e7evresindeki yar\u0131 nemli alanlarda s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131, s\u00fcresi, \u015fiddeti artan s\u0131cak hava dalgalar\u0131 ve artan kurakl\u0131k etkileri, de\u011fi\u015fen f\u0131rt\u0131na, r\u00fczgar ve ya\u011f\u0131\u015f rejimleri dikkate al\u0131narak s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmek zorunda. Mutlak \u00e7\u00f6ller, tam kurak alanlar, kurak ve yar\u0131 kurak b\u00f6lgelerde bug\u00fcn d\u00fcnyan\u0131n pek \u00e7ok \u00fclkesinde oldu\u011fu gibi \u00e7ok etkili bir ye\u015fil ku\u015fak var. \u00c7in Halk Cumhuriyeti kurak ve \u00e7\u00f6l alanlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7evresinde \u00e7ok uzun soluklu a\u011fa\u00e7land\u0131rma, bitkilendirme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 yap\u0131yor. Toprak nemini art\u0131rabilmek ve topraktaki ince materyali, kum ve toz f\u0131rt\u0131nalar\u0131na kaynak olu\u015fturabilecek, ince \u00e7\u00f6keltileri tutabilmek i\u00e7in toprak nemini art\u0131racak ya\u011fmur suyu hasad\u0131 gibi uygulamalar\u0131n da mutlaka yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekiyor”.
T\u00fcrke\u015f, D\u00fcnya Meteoroloji \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc’n\u00fcn g\u00fcnl\u00fck toz \u00fcretimine ili\u015fkin \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclerine bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda 23 Nisan’da Akdeniz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda ve G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Anadolu’nun T\u00fcrkiye-Suriye s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131na yak\u0131n olan b\u00f6lgelerinde g\u00fcnl\u00fck ortalama y\u00fczey toz konsantrasyonunun orta seviyeden hassas d\u00fczeye ula\u015fabilece\u011fini s\u00f6zlerine ekledi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130zmir Katip \u00c7elebi \u00dcniversitesi G\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs Hastal\u0131klar\u0131 Ana Bilim Dal\u0131 \u00d6\u011fretim \u00dcyesi Prof. Dr. Muzaffer Onur Turan da kum ve toz f\u0131rt\u0131nalar\u0131n\u0131n ciddi bir halk sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorunu haline geldi\u011fini s\u00f6yledi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kum ve toz f\u0131rt\u0131nalar\u0131yla sanayi at\u0131klar\u0131, tar\u0131m ila\u00e7lar\u0131, polenler, bakteriler ve mantar sporlar\u0131n\u0131n da ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 an\u0131msatan Turan “Toz bulutu i\u00e7indeki PM10 partik\u00fclleri, \u00fcst solunum yolunda tutulurken 2,5 mikrometreden k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck olanlar do\u011frudan akci\u011ferlerin en derin noktalar\u0131na yani alveollere kadar ula\u015f\u0131r. Buradan kana kar\u0131\u015farak sistemik bir etkilemeye neden olabilir. Havada \u00e7\u00f6l tozlar\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu g\u00fcnlerde solunum, kalp ve damar hastal\u0131klar\u0131 ile hastane ba\u015fvurular\u0131n\u0131n, hastal\u0131k ve \u00f6l\u00fcmlerin artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarla g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir” diye konu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00c7\u00f6l ve kum f\u0131rt\u0131nalar\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00fczerindeki etkisinin maruziyet s\u00fcresi ve yo\u011funlu\u011fa ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak de\u011fi\u015fti\u011fine de\u011finen Turan bu f\u0131rt\u0131nalar\u0131n zat\u00fcrre, kalp krizi veya inme, g\u00f6zlerde \u015fiddetli yanma, burun kanamalar\u0131, bo\u011fazda kuruma ve menenjit gibi sa\u011fl\u0131k sorunlar\u0131na yol a\u00e7abilece\u011fini de s\u00f6zlerine ekledi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n