Nargilenin i\u00e7im s\u00fcresi, duman\u0131n miktar\u0131 ve kullan\u0131lan t\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn yap\u0131s\u0131 nedeniyle sigaradan daha zararl\u0131 oldu\u011funu vurgulayan Prof. Dr. Dilek Toprak, bir nargile seans\u0131nda, bir ki\u015finin 100 ya da daha fazla sigara duman\u0131 kadar duman soludu\u011funu kaydetti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Aile Hekimli\u011fi Ana Bilim Dal\u0131 Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Prof. Dr. Dilek Toprak, Ye\u015filay Haftas\u0131 dolay\u0131s\u0131yla yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamada nikotin ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, sigara ve nargile kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n etkilerine ili\u015fkin de\u011ferlendirmede bulundu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
SADECE TEK KULLANIM B\u0130LE BA\u011eIMLILIK R\u0130SK\u0130N\u0130 ARTIRIYOR
Sigaran\u0131n temel ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k yap\u0131c\u0131 maddesinin nikotin oldu\u011funu belirten Prof. Dr. Toprak, \u201cNikotin, beyindeki dopamin sal\u0131n\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 tetikleyerek ki\u015fide keyif ve \u00f6d\u00fcl hissi yarat\u0131r. Bu his, zamanla beynin nikotine kar\u015f\u0131 tolerans geli\u015ftirmesine ve ayn\u0131 etkiyi elde etmek i\u00e7in daha fazla maddeye ihtiya\u00e7 duymas\u0131na neden olur. Nikotin son derece ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k yap\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r, sadece bir kez kullanmak bile, beyniniz \u00fczerindeki anl\u0131k etkisi nedeniyle ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 hale gelme riskini art\u0131r\u0131r\u201d uyar\u0131s\u0131nda bulundu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
F\u0130Z\u0130KSEL VE PS\u0130KOLOJ\u0130K BA\u011eIMLILIK ORTAYA \u00c7IKIYOR
Nikotin ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, fiziksel ve psikolojik olarak, v\u00fccudun s\u00fcrekli olarak bu kimyasala “ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131” hale geldi\u011fini kaydeden Prof. Dr. Toprak, \u201cFiziksel ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k, v\u00fccudun yoksunluk belirtilerinden ka\u00e7\u0131nmak i\u00e7in nikotine ihtiya\u00e7 duymas\u0131 durumudur. Yoksunluk belirtileri nikotin kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z huzursuzluk, sinirlilik, konsantrasyon g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi ho\u015f olmayan hislerdir. Psikolojik ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131kta ise o al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131k, g\u00fcnl\u00fck rutininizin bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. Kahve ile sigara i\u00e7mek, sinirlenince sigara i\u00e7mek gibi e\u015fle\u015fmeler yap\u0131l\u0131r. Bu gibi durumlarda i\u00e7me ihtiyac\u0131 hissedilir\u201d diye konu\u015ftu.
T\u00dcT\u00dcN SALGINI, EN B\u00dcY\u00dcK HALK SA\u011eLI\u011eI TEHD\u0130TLER\u0130NDEN B\u0130R\u0130
D\u00fcnya Sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn (WHO) t\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn yayg\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in “t\u00fct\u00fcn salg\u0131n\u0131” ifadesini kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirten Prof. Dr. Dilek Toprak, \u201cD\u00fcnya Sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc, bunun \u015fimdiye kadar kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z en b\u00fcy\u00fck halk sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 tehditlerinden biri oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor ve y\u0131lda 8 milyondan fazla insan\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne sebep oldu\u011funu bildiriyor. Bu \u00f6l\u00fcmlerin 1,2 milyonu pasif i\u00e7icilikten kaynaklan\u0131yor. D\u00fcnya Sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn tahminlerine g\u00f6re, 700 milyon \u00e7ocuk yani d\u00fcnyadaki \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n yar\u0131s\u0131 t\u00fct\u00fcn \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc duman\u0131na maruz kalmaktad\u0131r\u201d dedi.
S\u0130GARA BA\u011eIMLILI\u011eI NASIL ANLA\u015eILIR?
Sigara ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n DSM-5 denilen evrensel tan\u0131 kriterleri oldu\u011funu ifade eden Prof. Dr. Dilek Toprak, bu tan\u0131 kriterlerine g\u00f6re son 12 ay i\u00e7inde a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki kriterlerden en az 2\u2019sinin bulunmas\u0131n\u0131n nikotin ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc s\u00f6yledi. Prof. Dr. Dilek Toprak, bu kriterleri \u015f\u00f6yle s\u0131ralad\u0131:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
S\u0130GARA BA\u011eIMLILI\u011eINDA \u0130LA\u00c7 TEDAV\u0130LER\u0130 ETK\u0130L\u0130 OLUYOR
Sigara ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tedavi edilebildi\u011fini ve etkili tedavi y\u00f6ntemleri oldu\u011funu belirten Prof. Dr. Dilek Toprak, \u201cEn y\u00fcksek ba\u015far\u0131 oran\u0131 davran\u0131\u015fsal destek ve ila\u00e7 tedavisi birlikteli\u011fi ile elde edilir. Bunlar\u0131n tek ba\u015f\u0131na kullan\u0131m\u0131 bile b\u0131rakma oranlar\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Farmakolojik tedavi yani ila\u00e7 tedavisinde Nikotin Replasman Tedavisi (NRT) ve bupropion preparatlar\u0131n\u0131 olduk\u00e7a s\u0131k kullanmaktay\u0131z. Tedavisiz b\u0131rakma giri\u015fimlerinde 1 y\u0131ll\u0131k ba\u015far\u0131 oran\u0131 genellikle y\u00fczde 3\u20135 civar\u0131ndad\u0131r. Farmakolojik destekle bu oran y\u00fczde 15\u201335\u2019e kadar \u00e7\u0131kabilir. Kombine tedavilerde oran daha da artar\u201d diye konu\u015ftu.
TEDAV\u0130 S\u00dcREC\u0130NDE RELAPS G\u00d6R\u00dcLMES\u0130 NORMAL
Tedavi s\u00fcrecinde relaps (n\u00fcks) g\u00f6r\u00fclebildi\u011fini belirten Prof. Dr. Dilek Toprak, \u201cBu durum tedavinin ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z oldu\u011fu anlam\u0131na gelmez, ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n kronik do\u011fas\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6stergesidir. Sigara ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 kronik, tedavi edilebilen, t\u0131bbi destek gerektirebilen bir hastal\u0131kt\u0131r. En etkili yakla\u015f\u0131m ila\u00e7 tedavisi ve davran\u0131\u015f terapisinin birlikte uygulanmas\u0131d\u0131r\u201d dedi.
B\u0130R NARG\u0130LE SEANSI 100 S\u0130GARA DUMANINA BEDEL
Nargilenin sigaradan daha zararl\u0131 olabildi\u011fini belirten Prof. Dr. Dilek Toprak, bunun nedeninin nargile i\u00e7iminin s\u00fcresi, duman\u0131n miktar\u0131 ve kullan\u0131lan t\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn yap\u0131s\u0131 oldu\u011funu ifade ederek nargilenin sigaraya k\u0131yasla daha zararl\u0131 olmas\u0131n\u0131n baz\u0131 nedenlerini \u015f\u00f6yle s\u0131ralad\u0131:<\/p>\n\n\n\n